file-loader is a webpack loader that instructs webpack to emit the file into your output directory and return the public URL of the file. This is useful for referencing assets like images, fonts, and other static files within your JavaScript or CSS code. It handles dependencies defined by url() like statements in CSS and similar syntaxes. Configuration options allow customizing the file path and name, as well as the public path. It is considered a standard way in webpack projects to efficiently manage and load static assets.