Karma-rollup-preprocessor is a Karma plugin that preprocesses JavaScript files using Rollup.js. This allows for efficient bundling and modern JavaScript syntax support (ES6, ES modules) within your Karma testing environment. It's beneficial for projects using Rollup for production and wanting consistent build configurations across development and testing. The preprocessor leverages Rollup's powerful features like tree-shaking and code splitting to optimize test code before it runs in the browser. Ideal for achieving better performance and maintainability in your Karma test suite.