proxyquire is a powerful Node.js module stubbing library for unit testing. It allows you to override dependencies in your modules with stubs, mocks, or spies, providing granular control over module behavior during tests. This enables isolated testing by eliminating external dependencies and making it easy to simulate various scenarios and edge cases. Use proxyquire to replace dependencies like database connections, file systems, or other modules with controlled substitutes, ensuring repeatable and predictable test results.